{"id":2618,"date":"2014-01-16T11:32:54","date_gmt":"2014-01-16T11:32:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stg-httpsdrpremcom-staging.kinsta.cloud\/life\/?p=2618"},"modified":"2020-08-19T06:41:43","modified_gmt":"2020-08-19T06:41:43","slug":"erik-eriksons-theory-psychosocial-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stg-httpsdrpremcom-staging.kinsta.cloud\/life\/erik-eriksons-theory-psychosocial-development","title":{"rendered":"Personality Development Guide – Erik Erikson\u2019s Theory of Psychosocial Development"},"content":{"rendered":"

Erik Erikson presented his own theory of stages of personality development, which was known theory of psychosocial development. This eight stage theory of psychosocial development is probably the best known theory in the stages of personality development. It describes the growth, development, changes and conflicts that arise in the life of individuals as they pass through different stage of development. This theory emphasizes on social interaction and the resultant conflicts that affect the life of an individual.<\/p>\n

The stages include:<\/p>

\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n

Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust<\/b><\/p>\n

Infancy <\/b><\/p>\n

Focus: Dependent for feeding and basic needs<\/p>\n

Children develop trust and security when caregivers provide affection and dependability. Inconsistent, rejecting or emotionally unstable care giving can result in fear and insecurity in the child.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt<\/b><\/p>\n

Early Childhood <\/b><\/p>\n

Focus: Toilet Training and personal control<\/p>\n

Children need to learn to control their body functions and develop a sense of independence. This leads to a feeling of control and confidence whereas failure results in feelings of shame and self-doubt.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt<\/b><\/p>\n

Preschool age<\/b><\/p>\n

Focus: Exploration<\/p>\n

During this stage, children begin to affirm their control and authority over their surroundings. This helps to develop capability and leadership. Failure can result in disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt or lack of initiative.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Little<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority<\/b><\/p>\n

School Age <\/b><\/p>\n

Focus: School<\/p>\n

Children learnt social interactions and develop a sense of satisfaction with their undertakings. When children are encouraged positively it leads to a sense of competence and they learn to believe in themselves, whereas failure can result in feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion<\/b><\/p>\n

Adolescent years<\/b><\/p>\n

Focus: Social Relationships<\/p>\n

Adolescents develop a sense of personal identity and explore their independence. Successful encouragement leads to strong sense of self control, while failure can lead to confusion and sense of insecurity.<\/p>\n

\"Father<\/a><\/p>\n

Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation<\/b><\/p>\n

Early Adulthood <\/b><\/p>\n

Focus: <\/b>Relationships<\/p>\n

Young adults explore personal relations and success leads to strong, intimate and secure relationships with other people. Failure can result in emotional seclusion, isolation and depression.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation<\/b><\/p>\n

Middle Adulthood <\/b><\/p>\n

Focus: Work and Parenthood<\/p>

\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n

Adults foster their career, life and children and remain busy and productive in their world. Success leads to feeling of purpose and accomplishment, whereas failure can result in feeling of futility and their world may remain stagnated.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair<\/b><\/p>\n

Maturity<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Beautiful<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Focus: Reflection on Life<\/p>\n

Older adults, on looking back into their lives need to have a sense of fulfillment. Success leads to feelings of self-worth and satisfaction with fewer regrets. Failure can result in regret, resentment, and despair.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Summary and Comparison of the two theories of Development<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ages<\/td>\nFreud\u2019s theory of Psychosexual Development<\/td>\nErikson\u2019s theory of Psychosocial Development<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birth to <\/b>1 year<\/b><\/td>\nOral stage<\/b> \u2013 Child seeks pleasure through sucking, licking, eating<\/td>\nTrust vs. Mistrust \u2013 <\/b>Child learns to trust or distrust the caregivers\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1-3 years<\/b><\/td>\nAnal Stage<\/b> \u2013 Child gains self confidence by mastering bowel and bladder control<\/td>\nAutonomy vs. Doubt<\/b> \u2013 Child develops self-sufficiency by controlling basic personal functions or develops self-doubt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3-6 years <\/b><\/td>\nPhallic Stage<\/b> \u2013 Child recognizes same sex parent <\/b><\/td>\nInitiative vs. Guilt \u2013 <\/b>Child develops control over the surroundings or develops a sense of guilt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7-11 years<\/b><\/td>\nLatent period<\/b> \u2013 Child focuses on interests, friends and school activities<\/td>\nIndustry vs. Inferiority<\/b> \u2013 Child develops confidence and masters new skills or begins to feel inferior\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adolescence <\/b><\/td>\nGenital Stage<\/b> \u2013 Child begins to explore love relationships and bonding<\/td>\nIdentity vs. Confusion<\/b> \u2013 Child develops a sense of personal identity or develops confusion and insecurity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adulthood <\/b><\/td>\nPerson maintains balance in life and becomes a better individual<\/td>\nIntimacy vs. Isolation \u2013 <\/b>Young grown-ups seek love and relationships <\/b>or feel isolated and depressed\u00a0<\/b>Generativity vs. Stagnation \u2013 <\/b>Middle aged adults focus on career, work and family or remain stagnated<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ego Integrity vs. Despair \u2013 <\/b>Old aged adults look back at their lives with fulfillment and self-worth or bitterness and despair.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n